What Is the Romeo and Juliet Law in Michigan?

Most people recognize the name Romeo and Juliet from Shakespeare, but in Michigan law, the phrase has a very different meaning. Michigan’s “Romeo and Juliet” provision refers to reforms within the state’s Sex Offender Registration Act that offer limited relief to certain young individuals convicted of consensual sexual conduct involving minors. Prior to these changes, teens close in age who engaged in consensual relationships could face the same lifetime sex offender registration requirements as individuals convicted of far more serious offenses. Legislative updates beginning in 2004 — and later amended in 2011 and 2021 — created a pathway for some eligible individuals to petition the court for removal from the Michigan Sex Offender Registry.

What is Michigan’s Romeo and Juliet Law?

Michigan’s “Romeo and Juliet” law is a provision within the Michigan Sex Offenders Registration Act (SORA) that allows certain individuals convicted of consensual sexual conduct with a minor to petition the court to be removed from the Michigan Sex Offender Registry.

It is not a separate criminal law. Instead, it provides a pathway for eligible individuals to seek relief from mandatory lifetime registration requirements.

Is the Romeo and Juliet Law a Defense to Criminal Charges?

No. It does not prevent prosecution. It may allow removal from the registry after conviction if criteria are met.

Why Was the Law Created?

Before 2004, individuals convicted of certain consensual sex offenses involving minors were required to register as sex offenders—often for life—regardless of age differences or circumstances.

Legislative reforms in 2004, with further amendments in 2011 and 2021, modified Michigan’s Sex Offender Registration Act to allow certain close-in-age offenders to petition for removal from the registry.

Does Removal Erase the Conviction?

No. It removes registration requirements but does not expunge the conviction.

Who May Qualify?

Under current Michigan law (MCL 28.728c), a person may petition for removal if:

• The victim was at least 13 years old but less than 16 years old at the time of the offense.
• The petitioner was no more than 4 years older than the victim.
• The petitioner was 18 years old or younger at the time of the offense.
• The sexual conduct was consensual.
• The required waiting period has passed.
• The petitioner has not been convicted of another felony or listed offense since the original conviction.

It’s important to note, qualification does not guarantee removal. A court must approve the petition.

What Does the Judge Consider?

When deciding whether to remove someone from the registry, the court evaluates:

1. The age and maturity of both individuals at the time of the offense
2. The nature and seriousness of the offense
3. Prior juvenile or criminal history
4. Risk of reoffending
5. Any victim impact statement (under the Crime Victim’s Rights Act)
6. Any other relevant factors

The judge has full discretion to grant or deny the petition.

Important Updates to Know (Post-2021 Changes)

Michigan’s Sex Offender Registration Act has undergone significant reform in recent years following federal court rulings. Key updates include:

• Tier-based registration periods (Tier I, II, III)
• Clearer removal procedures for certain registrants
• Changes to reporting requirements
• Adjustments to lifetime registration categories

Because the law has changed multiple times, eligibility and procedure can vary depending on the date of conviction.

Need Legal Guidance?

Sex offender registration laws in Michigan are complex and frequently updated. If you have questions about eligibility, registry removal, or related criminal matters, speaking with an attorney is critical. Harris Law has offices throughout Northern Michigan. Call 231-347-4444 for a free consultation.